Lapho uklama umkhiqizo we-elekthronikhi noma isekethe, esinye sezinqumo ezibalulekile ozobhekana nazo ukukhetha uhlobo lwebhodi lesifunda eliphrintiwe (PCB) ozolisebenzisa. Izinketho ezimbili ezijwayelekile i-PCB enezinhlangothi ezimbili kanye ne-PCB enohlangothi olulodwa. Nakuba bobabili benobuhle nobubi babo, ukukhetha okufanele kungaqinisekisa ukwenziwa ngempumelelo kwephrojekthi. Kule bhulogi, sizobheka kabanzi izici zama-PCB anezinhlangothi ezimbili nama-PCB anohlangothi olulodwa ukuze sikusize wenze isinqumo unolwazi.
I-PCB enezinhlangothi ezimbili.
Ama-PCB anezinhlangothi ezimbili afaka umkhondo nezingxenye zethusi ezinhlangothini zombili zebhodi, ezixhunywe ngama-vias noma ahlanganiswe ngezimbobo. Lawa ma-vias asebenza njengama-conductive tunnels, avumela amasiginali ukuthi adlule ezingqimbeni ezihlukene ze-PCB, ayenze iminyene futhi ibe nezinto ezihlukahlukene. Lawa mabhodi avame ukusetshenziswa kumishini kagesi eyinkimbinkimbi efana nama-smartphone, i-hardware yekhompyutha, nezinhlelo zokusebenza eziminyana kakhulu.
Izinzuzo ze-PCB enezinhlangothi ezimbili.
1. Ukuminyana kwengxenye eyengeziwe: Ama-PCB anezinhlangothi ezimbili angakwazi ukuthwala izingxenye eziningi, anikeze izinga eliphezulu lokusebenza ngosayizi ohlangene. Lokhu kubalulekile lapho uklama amasistimu kagesi ayinkimbinkimbi.
2. Amakhono okufaka izintambo athuthukisiwe: Ngokulandela ithusi ezinhlangothini zombili zebhodi, abaklami banezinketho eziningi zezintambo, okunciphisa ithuba lokuphazanyiswa kwesignali kanye ne-crosstalk. Lokhu kuthuthukisa ubuqotho besignali nokusebenza kukonke.
3. Ukusebenza Kwezindleko: Naphezu kokuyinkimbinkimbi kwawo, ama-PCB anezinhlangothi ezimbili ayabiza ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwawo okusabalele nokutholakala kwawo. Angakhiqizwa ngokuphumelelayo esikalini, okuwenza abe yinketho esebenzayo kumaphrojekthi amakhulu.
Ukungalungi kwe-PCB enezinhlangothi ezimbili
1. Ubunkimbinkimbi bomklamo: Ubunkimbinkimbi be-PCB enamacala amabili benza inqubo yokuklama ibe nzima kakhulu, edinga isofthiwe eyinkimbinkimbi nabaklami abanolwazi. Lokhu kukhuphula zonke izindleko zokuthuthukisa iphrojekthi.
2. Izinselele zokuhlanganisa: Njengoba izingxenye zikhona nhlangothi zombili, ukusoda kungaba inselele kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ezingxenyeni ze-surface mount technology (SMT). Ukunakekelwa okwengeziwe kuyadingeka ngesikhathi somhlangano ukuze kugwenywe ama-circuits amafushane namaphutha.
I-PCB yohlangothi olulodwa
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-PCB enohlangothi olulodwa iwuhlobo olulula lwe-PCB, enezingxenye kanye nemikhondo yethusi ekhona ohlangothini olulodwa lwebhodi. Lezi zinhlobo zama-PCB ngokuvamile zisetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezingaxakile kangako njengamathoyizi, izibali, nezinto zikagesi ezingabizi kakhulu.
Izinzuzo ze-PCB yohlangothi olulodwa
1. Ukuklama kulula: Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-PCB enezinhlangothi ezimbili, i-PCB yohlangothi olulodwa kulula ukuyiklama. Ubulula besakhiwo busheshisa ukwenziwa kwe-prototyping futhi kunciphisa isikhathi sokuklama.
2. Yehlisa izindleko zokuthuthukisa: Ama-PCB anohlangothi olulodwa ayabiza kakhulu anezendlalelo zethusi ezimbalwa kanye nemiklamo eyenziwe lula, okuwenza alungele amaphrojekthi anebhajethi ephansi noma amaphrojekthi anezidingo ezilinganiselwe zokusebenza.
3. Inqubo yokushisela elula: Zonke izingxenye zikohlangothi olulodwa, ukushisela kuba lula, kulungele abathanda i-DIY kanye nezimfundamakhwela. Ukwengeza, ukuncishiswa kobunzima kwenza kube lula ukuxazulula izinkinga.
Ukungalungi kwe-PCB yohlangothi olulodwa
1. Izingqinamba zesikhala: Umkhawulo obalulekile wama-PCB anohlangothi olulodwa isikhala esilinganiselwe esitholakalayo sezingxenye kanye nemizila. Lokhu kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwazo ezinhlelweni eziyinkimbinkimbi ezidinga ukusebenza okuthuthukile noma izintambo ezibanzi.
2. Ukuphazamiseka kwesignali: I-PCB yohlangothi olulodwa ayinayo isendlalelo samandla esizimele kanye nongqimba lomhlabathi, okuzodala ukuphazamiseka kwesignali nomsindo, okuthinta ukusebenza nokuthembeka kwesekhethi.
Ukukhetha phakathi kwe-PCB enezinhlangothi ezimbili kanye ne-PCB yohlangothi olulodwa kuncike ebunzimeni nasezimfuneko zephrojekthi kagesi. Ama-PCB anohlangothi olulodwa afanele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezilula ezinomkhawulo wokusebenza, kuyilapho ama-PCB anezinhlangothi ezimbili enikeza ukuguquguquka okukhulu, ukuminyana okuphezulu kwengxenye namandla omzila athuthukisiwe kumasistimu ayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Cabangela izici ezifana nezindleko, izidingo zesikhala, kanye nemigomo isiyonke yephrojekthi ukuze uthole uhlobo olufanele kakhulu lwe-PCB. Khumbula, ucwaningo olufanele, ukuhlela, kanye nokubonisana nomklami we-PCB onesipiliyoni kubalulekile ekwenzeni ngempumelelo iphrojekthi yakho.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-01-2023
